Proclaimed
by General Assembly resolution 1904 (XVIII) of 20 November 1963
The General Assembly,
Considering that the Charter of
the United Nations is based on the principles of the dignity and equality of
all human beings and seeks, among other basic objectives, to achieve
international co-operation in promoting and encouraging respect for human
rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex,
language or religion,
Considering that the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights proclaims that all human beings are born free and
equal in dignity and rights and that everyone is entitled to all the rights and
freedoms set out in the Declaration, without distinction of any kind, in
particular as to race, colour or national origin,
Considering that the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights proclaims further that all are equal before the law
and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law and
that all are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination and
against any incitement to such discrimination,
Considering that the United
Nations has condemned colonialism and all practices of segregation and discrimination
associated therewith, and that the Declaration on the Granting of Independence
to Colonial Countries and Peoples proclaims in particular the necessity of
bringing colonialism to a speedy and unconditional end,
Considering that any doctrine of
racial differentiation or superiority is scientifically false, morally
condemnable, socially unjust and dangerous, and that there is no justification
for racial discrimination either in theory or in practice,
Taking into account the other resolutions
adopted by the General Assembly and the international instruments adopted by
the specialized agencies, in particular the International Labour Organisation
and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, in
the field of discrimination,
Taking into account the fact that,
although international action and efforts in a number of countries have made it
possible to achieve progress in that field, discrimination based on race,
colour or ethnic origin in certain areas of the world continues none the less
to give cause for serious concern,
Alarmed by the manifestations
of racial discrimination still in evidence in some areas of the world, some of
which are imposed by certain Governments by means of legislative,
administrative or other measures, in the form, inter alia, of apartheid,
segregation and separation, as well as by the promotion and dissemination of
doctrines of racial superiority and expansionism in certain areas,
Convinced that all forms of
racial discrimination and, still more so, governmental policies based on the
prejudice of racial superiority or on racial hatred, besides constituting a
violation of fundamental human rights, tend to jeopardize friendly relations
among peoples, co-operation between nations and international peace and security,
Convinced also that racial
discrimination harms not only those who are its objects but also those who
practise it.
Convinced further that the building of a
world society free from all forms of racial segregation and discrimination,
factors which create hatred and division among men, is one of the fundamental
objectives of the United Nations,
1. Solemnly affirms the necessity of
speedily eliminating racial discrimination throughout the world, in all its
forms and manifestations, and of securing understanding of and respect for the
dignity of the human person;
2. Solemnly affirms the necessity of
adopting national and international measures to that end, including teaching,
education and information, in order to secure the universal and effective recognition
and observance of the principles set forth below;
3. Proclaims this Declaration:
Article 1
Discrimination between human beings on the
ground of race, colour or ethnic origin is an offence to human dignity and
shall be condemned as a denial of the principles of the Charter of the United
Nations, as a violation of the human rights and fundamental freedoms proclaimed
in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as an obstacle to friendly and
peaceful relations among nations and as a fact capable of disturbing peace and
security among peoples.
Article 2
1. No State, institution, group or individual
shall make any discrimination whatsoever in matters of human rights and
fundamental freedoms in the treatment of persons, groups of persons or institutions
on the ground of race, colour or ethnic origin.
2. No State shall encourage, advocate or lend
its support, through police action or otherwise, to any discrimination based on
race, colour or ethnic origin by any group, institution or individual.
3. Special concrete measures shall be taken in
appropriate circumstances in order to secure adequate development or protection
of individuals belonging to certain racial groups with the object of ensuring
the full enjoyment by such individuals of human rights and fundamental
freedoms. These measures shall in no circumstances have as a consequence the
maintenance of unequal or separate rights for different racial groups.
Article 3
1. Particular efforts shall be made to prevent
discrimination based on race, colour or ethnic origin, especially in the fields
of civil rights, access to citizenship, education, religion, employment,
occupation and housing.
2. Everyone shall have equal access to any
place or facility intended for use by the general public, without distinction
as to race, colour or ethnic origin.
Article 4
All States shall take effective measures to
revise governmental and other public policies and to rescind laws and
regulations which have the effect of creating and perpetuating racial
discrimination wherever it still exists. They should pass legislation for
prohibiting such discrimination and should take all appropriate measures to
combat those prejudices which lead to racial discrimination.
Article 5
An end shall be put without delay to
governmental and other public policies of racial segregation and especially
policies of apartheid, as well as all forms of racial discrimination and
separation resulting from such policies.
Article 6
No discrimination by reason of race, colour or
ethnic origin shall be admitted in the enjoyment by any person of political and
citizenship rights in his country, in particular the right to participate in
elections through universal and equal suffrage and to take part in the
government. Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his
country.
Article 7
1. Everyone has the right to equality before
the law and to equal justice under the law. Everyone, without distinction as to
race, colour or ethnic origin, has the right to security of person and
protection by the State against violence or bodily harm, whether inflicted by
government officials or by any individual, group or institution.
2. Everyone shall have the right to an
effective remedy and protection against any discrimination he may suffer on the
ground of race, colour or ethnic origin with respect to his fundamental rights
and freedoms through independent national tribunals competent to deal with such
matters.
Article 8
All effective steps shall be taken immediately
in the fields of teaching, education and information, with a view to
eliminating racial discrimination and prejudice and promoting understanding,
tolerance and friendship among nations and racial groups, as well as to
propagating the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations,
of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and of the Declaration on the
Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples.
Article 9
1. All propaganda and organizations based on
ideas or theories of the superiority of one race or group of persons of one
colour or ethnic origin with a view to justifying or promoting racial
discrimination in any form shall be severely condemned.
2. All incitement to or acts of violence,
whether by individuals or organizations against any race or group of persons of
another colour or ethnic origin shall be considered an offence against society
and punishable under law.
3. In order to put into effect the purposes
and principles of the present Declaration, all States shall take immediate and
positive measures, including legislative and other measures, to prosecute
and/or outlaw organizations which promote or incite to racial discrimination,
or incite to or use violence for purposes of discrimination based on race,
colour or ethnic origin.
Article 10
The United Nations, the specialized agencies,
States and non-governmental organizations shall do all in their power to
promote energetic action which, by combining legal and other practical
measures, will make possible the abolition of all forms of racial
discrimination. They shall, in particular, study the causes of such
discrimination with a view to recommending appropriate and effective measures
to combat and eliminate it.
Article 11
Every State shall promote respect for and
observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms in accordance with the
Charter of the United Nations and shall fully and faithfully observe the
provisions of the present Declaration, the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights and the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial
Countries and Peoples.
©
Copyright 1997 - 2000
Office
of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
Geneva,
Switzerland